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Evaluation of selected dietary supplements - climacterium
Tobolková, Blanka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids or fatty acids) intended to supplement the diet. The aim of the diploma thesis was to suggest a prescription for preparation of three types of dietary supplements which are used to reduce of climacteric symptoms, their production and determination of energetic (nutrition) value on account of detected content of proteins, fats and saccharides in dietary supplements. A part of the diploma thesis was to suggest suitable wrapping and price of prepared dietary supplements. The three dietary supplements were used for analyses, namely capsules, herb syrup and herb drops. The content of proteins was determined by Kjeldahl´s method, total fats were determined by Soxhlet extraction and saccharides were determined by titration with potassium permanganate (Bertrand´s method). Dietary supplements in form of capsules were particular analysed on content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenal). In herbal drops was in addition determined alcohol content (ethanol). There was from the measured data found out, dietary supplement in form of capsules was chosen as the product with the lowest energetic (nutrition) value.
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Possibilities of evaluating changes by women during the period of menopause and their effects on the quality of life
BELEŠOVÁ, Romana
Menopause is a period, which is perceived as a natural part of female lifecycle. The way how women experience this period is individual, it differs in the intensity of the experience which is influenced by a variety of factors. Among the most important factors belong the biological as well as genetic factors, lifestyle, family environment, relationships between people, job as well as ethnical and cultural influences. The above-mentioned factors contribute to the occurrence of symptoms and changes connected in the life of a female. Standardised tools that are used and helpful in the clinical practice should be reliable, sensitive, and specific to certain symptoms. The objective of this doctoral theses is to map the use of evaluating tools with women in the period of menopause, to analyse symptoms influencing the quality of life, to create educational program for women and to find out if education has an impact on the knowledge of women on the menopause issues. The research was carried out in combination of two research methods - quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative research was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The design of the descriptive qualitative study was used for the qualitative research. For the methodology of the qualitative research the Standards for qualitative research were applied. For the quantitative research a research sample I was set up. It was composed of women with a permanent residence in the southbohemian region in the ages of 45-65. For these respondents three types of questionnaires were designed, the standardised WHOQOL-BREF, WHQ and the unstandardised questionnaire. The data analyses were executed via SASD programmes (Statistical data analyses) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The qualitative research was realised in two phases. The first part of the research was carried out before the educational programme was realised and the second part took place 3 month after finishing the educational programme. For the purposes of the qualitative research analyses elements of embedded theory using open and axial coding were applied. There were two research samples that were subject to the qualitative study. The research sample II was composed of women in the ages 45-55. The research sample III composed of midwives working in the primary care. In midwifery in the clinical practice no measuring tools are used to evaluate the quality of life and health of women in menopause. Nowadays the evaluating scales are applied in research studies rather than in the clinical practice. In our quantitative study women evaluated the quality of life primarily as good. While evaluating the individual domains via the WHOQOL-BREF tool, women rated their physical condition the best and on the contrary the environment they live in the worst. When qualifying their health condition based on comparison of individual dimensions using the standardised WHQ tool, women mentioned the vasomotor symptoms as bothering and on the contrary, they rated anxieties/worries as not so bothering. In the qualitative part of the research women qualified the following symptoms as the most frequent: hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, corrupted sleep, gaining weight, mental and cognitive changes. Conclusion: In the framework of the study based on the results an educational brochure for women was created. The aim of this brochure is to provide information about the problematic of the menopause period, about the symptoms, about the diagnostics, about the therapy and about the regime precautions. At the same time as a part of the research an educational programme for women was prepared. This programme focused on climacteric symptoms, diagnoses, therapy and the use of regime precautions leading to relief from the menopause difficulties. In this field, midwives still play a significant role. Midwives should lead women to accept the positive approach to the issues of menopause period.
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The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause
Chejnovská, Zuzana ; Matulová, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Author: Zuzana Chejnovská Institution: Charles University - Faculty of medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Non-Medical Studies Title: The influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Matulová Number of pages: 95 Year of defense: 2023 Keywords: climacterium, climacteric syndrome, quality of life, hormonal changes, hormone replacement therapy, menopause, phytoestrogens The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of hormonal changes on the quality of life of women in menopause. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is theoretical, which describes the individual physiological periods of woman's life, the climacteric, the symptomatology of the climacteric, the possibilities of mitigation its impacts, the quality of life in general and the quality of life of women in menopause. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research survey, which was performed trough a standardized questionnaire Menopause Rating Scale. The main aim of the research was to assess the overall quality of life of women in menopause.
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Sexual life of women in menopause
PRŮŠOVÁ, Eliška
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Sexuality of women in climacterium. The thesis consists of the theoretical part and the research part. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the readers are acquainted with the physiological periods of women, with the terminology related to the climacterium period, followed by a brief description of the climacterium endocrinology. An essential part of the theory are also the clinical symptoms of climacterium. Here are summarized the symptoms of vegetative syndrome, organic syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Diagnostic methods, which the theoretical part also deals with, play a significant role. Particular attention is paid to the climacterium treatment. This includes the possibility of hormone substitution therapy and an alternative method of therapy. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the issue of sexuality of women during climacterium. Again, the terminology of sexuality is defined first. The following is the chapter Sex and sexuality of women in the climacterium, in the subchapter there are explained the specific sexual dysfunctions that can occur during this period. Diagnostics of sexual problems and treating sexual dysfunctions have here also its essential place. Last but not least, in the theoretical part, the importance of the education of women by the midwife is emphasized, and the real conclusion deals with the communication which midwives should not forget and should be able to control it. For the research part, three main aims were set. The first aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out whether changes of women in the climacterium influenced their sexuality. The second aim focuses on women's knowledge of changes in the climacterium. The last aim was to research whether midwives inform women about changes of sexuality during the climacterium. A qualitative survey was selected for the research part and the data collection was carried out by means of detailed individual semi-structured interviews. Selected women were first given to complete the Kupperman Index to see if women had any difficulties, and so if those women were already in the climacterium. The basis for the interviews consisted of 22 pre-prepared questions. The study consisted of twelve respondents aged between 45 and 65 in the climacterium. The interviews with women took place in February and March 2018 in pre-agreed quiet places with the respect to the privacy of respondents. Data analysis was done using the text coloring method. From coding and classifying the received answers, three main categories and their subcategories were compiled, summarizing the opinions and personal experience of all respondents. It is clear from the research that women most often have the climacterium connected with flushing accompanied by sweating. In the context of the climacterium, women mainly think of body changes, mood swings, hormonal changes, end of menstruation and sexual problems. As a particular subjective change, women reported menstruation problems, complete end of menstruation, sweating, and the interviews clearly showed flushing as the most noticeable symptom. In terms of sexuality changes, the respondents emphasized the reduced libido, which also proved to be the most frequent change of interviewed women. The research revealed that women's awareness of sexuality changes is almost zero and respondents seek help online if needed. Equally poorly, women are also informed about the treatment of sexual problems. The research part pointed out that midwives at local gynecologists do not educate women about sexuality changes during the climacterium or neither about the climacterium itself, although the respondents would welcome such a form of education.
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Účinek 1-MCP na prodloužení skladovatelnost plodů broskví a švestek
Tomanová, Michaela
The aim of the thesis on the Effect of 1-MCP on the extension of the shelf-life of peach and plum fruits was to determine the effect of 1-MCP on the peach fruits of the 'Redhaven' variety and plum fruits of the 'TOP' variety. The practical part consisted of harvesting the fruits of harvest maturity, an analysis of quality parameters (weight, firmness, sensory evaluation, titratable acid, soluble solids, ethylene production, respiration), 1-MCP treatment and storage at 2 °C and 20°C. After 7 and 14 days (10 days in the case of peaches stored at 20 °C) the quality parameters of all fruits were determined. Using the measured values, the effect of 1-MCP on various parameters influencing the prolongation of life was considered for treated and control fruits. The theoretical part dealt with different fruit species and varieties, material components important for fruit ripening, ethylene, 1-MCP and storage of fruit.
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Podnícení zralosti jablek účinkem exogenního etylenu
Valachová, Zuzana
The theoretical part was described by Golden Delicious variety. This part of the thesis describes the material composition of apple, ripe apples qualitative disaggregation into individual groups. Attention was paid to the effect of ethylene on ripening apples and development.It has also described the climacteric types of fruit and the process of their maturation. In the first experimental part, I followed the harvest maturity fruit varieties Golden Delicious. In the second part of the experiment I followed the criteria specified I during storage in the two different temperatures and at 2 ° C and 20 ° C for treatment with exogenous ethylene. During storage were observed in terms of maturity, which was based on objective measurement. Measurements included pulp strength, the starch content, total acidity and soluble solids, as well as the production of ethylene and carbon dioxide.
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Evaluation of selected dietary supplements - climacterium
Tobolková, Blanka ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
A dietary supplement is a product that contains nutrients (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids or fatty acids) intended to supplement the diet. The aim of the diploma thesis was to suggest a prescription for preparation of three types of dietary supplements which are used to reduce of climacteric symptoms, their production and determination of energetic (nutrition) value on account of detected content of proteins, fats and saccharides in dietary supplements. A part of the diploma thesis was to suggest suitable wrapping and price of prepared dietary supplements. The three dietary supplements were used for analyses, namely capsules, herb syrup and herb drops. The content of proteins was determined by Kjeldahl´s method, total fats were determined by Soxhlet extraction and saccharides were determined by titration with potassium permanganate (Bertrand´s method). Dietary supplements in form of capsules were particular analysed on content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenal). In herbal drops was in addition determined alcohol content (ethanol). There was from the measured data found out, dietary supplement in form of capsules was chosen as the product with the lowest energetic (nutrition) value.
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Needs of women in menopause
PERSANOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor's work deals with the issues of menopause and changes, which take place in a woman's life in connection with it. The work is divided into a theoretical and a research part. At the beginning of the theoretical part there is a definition of the term "menopause", which is followed by the definition of the physiology of this period and hormonal changes which come up in the course of menopause. An integral part of the theoretical section is the description of climacteric syndrome, both organic estrogen deficiency syndrome and metabolic estrogen deficiency syndrome. Another important part of the work is the therapy of menopause, which is focused both on hormonal therapy and alternative one. Subsequently, the bachelor's work describes the needs of woman, not only in the period of menopause. This part of the work pays great attention especially to the issues of sleep, physical exercise, nutrition and sexuality, which are the aspects that undergo the greatest changes in this significant period in a woman's life. The theoretical part also points out education. First, the general term "education" is described, and the end of the theoretical part is dedicated to education during menopause, which is carried out by a midwife. The goal of the bachelor's work was to find out whether menopause influenced the lives of women. Two research questions were asked: How are the needs of women being altered during menopause? How are women educated by a midwife during menopause? Qualitative investigations were utilized for the research. The gathering of data was carried out through semi-structured interviews. In the course of an interview, women were asked 11 questions prepared in advance. The research group was composed of ten women passing through menopause. The interviews with the women were conducted in the surgery of a district gynaecologist, who had provided her consent to the research investigation in writing beforehand. The women were informed that they would remain in anonymity, were familiarized with the purpose of the research and all the respondents were willing to sign an "Application for Consent to Cooperation." The research investigation took place in March 2015. The interviews with the women were continuously written down, recorded and subsequently analysed. Based on the answers acquired they were divided into main categories and subcategories, by means of marking the texts in colour, the aim being to ascertain agreements in the opinions of the women asked and their experience. The first main category inquired into how the women felt at the beginning of menopause. This category was divided into five subcategories, which dealt with the beginning of menopause, changed needs, lifestyle, health risks associated with menopause and therapy of menopause. The second category was focused on education by a midwife and was divided into three subcategories: Familiarization with the problem, Recommendations of a midwife relating to menopause and Source of information. The results showed in which areas the women were influenced by menopause most. Most frequently the women were troubled by hot flushes and sweating, which were the causes of insomnia and tiredness. Due to menopause the women identified the greatest changes in the following areas: need of social interaction, which was caused by their unpleasant feelings because of hot flushes and sweating, need to eat, need of sleep and rest and need of physical exercise. The research investigation pointed out an ineffective education on the part of the midwife, who was without any personal initiative she failed in her task to acquaint the women with this hard period of life and to help them manage the symptoms of menopause. The bachelor's work pointed out the areas in which changes occurred after menopause had began, and also pointed out an insufficient education of the women by the midwife.
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Tender and demand of midwifery services in the female population
GAŠPARÍKOVÁ, Renata
The subject of this bachelor´s thesis is the offer and the demand for services of midwives in the female population. The theoretical part focuses on the competencies and the role of midwives in the care of women at every stage of their lives. There were set two goals to working out this thesis. Objective 1: Determine what is the demand for midwifery services to women. Objective 2: Determine what is the offer of services of midwives for women. For research survey, the quantitative and qualitative method of research was selected. In the quantitative research, there was chosen the questionnaire method specified for women of reproductive age 15-45 and for women in menopause aged 46-70. Hypothesis 1 ?Women are interested in psycho-prophylactic preparation for childbirth? has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2 ?Women are interested in visiting service in the puerperium? has also been confirmed, but Hypothesis 3 ?Women seek midwives services in the menopausal period? has not been confirmed. In the qualitative research, there was used the technique of nonstandardized interview. The research group consisted of three private midwives and three midwives working in private gynecological surgeries. The research question No. 1 ?Do the midwives offer services to clients across the full range of care?? was replied by private midwives that they provide mainly only antenatal education for pregnant women and counseling in the postpartum period. Midwives in private offices provide minimal services to women, only when they have time they offer advice to women during menopause. By the research question No. 2 ?Is there a difference between services of private midwives and midwives working in gynecological surgeries??, there was found out that private midwives focus only on pregnant women and women during the postpartum period. Midwives in private offices mostly assist to doctors, they have no time for other activities. By mapping the situation there was found only low foreknowledge about the offer and demand for services of midwives. To increase the awareness there will be used an educational campaign by information leaflets.
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